The consequences of fake news make it a crucial topic to address. This paper reviews how previous studies have defined and operationalized the term “fake news,” analyzing 34 academic articles from 2003 to 2017. It presents a typology of fake news types: news satire, news parody, fabrication, manipulation, advertising, and propaganda, based on levels of facticity and deception. This typology aims to clarify the meaning of fake news and guide future research, emphasizing its significant consequences and importance as a subject of study.