Misinformed and Underprepared: How Misinformation Undermines Climate Adaptation and Food Security in the Global South
By Nasir Khan, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, University of Guelph, Canada
Climate change is not a distant threat in the Global South; it is a lived reality. Rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfall, and more frequent extreme weather events are already affecting the ability of farmers to grow food, earn livelihoods, and support their communities. In response, governments, researchers, and development organizations have promoted a range of adaptation strategies to build resilience. But many of these efforts are quietly being undermined by a less visible force: misinformation.
From widely circulated myths about genetically modified crops to rumors that climate change is a foreign hoax, misinformation is eroding trust in science and slowing down adaptation where it is needed most. Its impact on food security is significant and growing.
When Uncertainty Affects Climate Action
Adaptation strategies often rely on access to accurate, timely information. Whether it’s deciding which drought-resistant crop variety to plant or how to adjust planting schedules in response to changing weather patterns, farmers need to trust the information they receive. But in many regions of the Global South, false claims spread faster and further than verified knowledge.
Mobile phones and social media have become powerful tools in rural communities, but they also allow misinformation to spread quickly. Inaccurate weather forecasts, conspiracy theories about new seed varieties, and misleading videos on agricultural practices can cause confusion and hesitation. In some cases, farmers abandon promising innovations altogether after encountering false claims online or through word of mouth.
This hesitation is not irrational. Many communities have experienced a long history of broken promises, external interventions, and one-size-fits-all solutions that did not work in practice. Misinformation exploits these experiences and widens the gap between scientific knowledge and local realities.
Food Security Under Risk
The link between climate adaptation and food security is direct. When farmers cannot rely on the information they receive, they are more likely to take fewer risks or continue with outdated practices. As climate patterns shift and pests and diseases evolve, the costs of inaction or misinformed decisions grow. Yields drop. Recovery after climate shocks becomes more difficult. Entire food systems become more fragile.
This is especially true for smallholder farmers, who form the backbone of food production in many countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Without clear guidance they trust, and without the tools to verify what they see or hear online, their ability to respond to a changing climate is weakened.
Building Information Resilience
Addressing misinformation is not simply about correcting false claims. It requires building trust in public institutions, research bodies, and knowledge-sharing systems. It also means making space for local knowledge and experience and creating two-way communication channels where farmers are not just passive recipients of information, but active participants in shaping it.
Community radio, farmer cooperatives, local extension services, and trusted civil society organizations continue to play an important role. But these efforts must be supported and scaled. Training in digital literacy, especially among youth and women in rural areas, is also crucial. These groups are often the most affected by climate risks, yet the least equipped to filter misleading content.
At the same time, governments and international organizations must work with media platforms to ensure that climate and agricultural information in local languages is prioritized and verified.
A Shared Responsibility
Research institutions like the University of Guelph have a critical role to play. Beyond developing technologies and policy recommendations, universities must engage with the realities of how information is accessed, interpreted, and trusted in diverse contexts. Collaboration with researchers, practitioners, and communities in the Global South is essential for developing communication strategies that are context-specific, inclusive, and responsive.
Climate adaptation is not only a technical challenge, but also a communication challenge. Without a strong foundation of accurate, trusted information, adaptation strategies will remain out of reach for many.
Conclusion
The Global South is adapting to climate change under extremely difficult conditions. Misinformation adds another layer of complexity, weakening already fragile systems and undermining trust in solutions. Confronting this challenge requires more than fact-checking. It calls for rethinking how knowledge is shared, who is included in the conversation, and how we support communities in making informed decisions about their future.
Food security depends not only on what we grow and how we grow it, but also on what we believe to be true.
