This paper discusses the global need to double crop production by 2050 to meet demands from population growth, dietary shifts, and biofuel consumption. It examines the yield growth rates of four key crops—maize, rice, wheat, and soybean—which collectively provide two-thirds of global agricultural calories. Current yield growth rates, however, fall short of the 2.4% per year needed to meet this goal, with projected increases in production ranging from 38% to 67%, far below the necessary levels. The study emphasizes the importance of identifying areas where yield growth must be accelerated to meet future demands.