This book discusses the potential of genetic modification (GM) in agriculture to enhance sustainability by addressing issues like crop protection and environmental constraints. GM crops, by introducing traits like pest or drought resistance, could reduce the need for harmful pesticides and increase productivity, benefiting both farmers and the environment. However, concerns persist about corporate monopolies, regulation, and the socio-economic gap between developed and developing nations. Despite these controversies, GM crops are becoming a permanent fixture in modern agriculture, offering prospects for more sustainable land use and production.