The paper evaluates the global environmental impacts of GM crops on pesticide use, focusing on herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant varieties. It finds that, from 1996 to 2020, the adoption of these GM technologies has led to a reduction of 748.6 million kg (7.2%) in pesticide application and a 17.3% decrease in environmental impact. The study highlights that insect-resistant cotton has been particularly effective, saving 339 million kg of active ingredient and reducing its environmental impact by approximately one-third.